Aportes de la Educación 4.0 y la caja de herramientas tecnológicas a exigencias educativas actuales / Contributions of Education 4.0 and the Technological Toolbox according to Current Educational Demands

Los cambios tecnológicos de la cuarta revolución industrial reflejan transformaciones en todos los ámbitos: laboral, educativo, político, etcétera, lo que cambia de manera radical la forma de estudiar, trabajar, comprar y socializar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar elementos de la educación 4.0 y la caja de herramientas tecnológicas que aporten a las exigencias educativas actuales. El nuevo paradigma supone, por parte de las instituciones, una serie de acciones encaminadas a incrementar la flexibilidad de tiempo y espacio para toda la comunidad participante, tomar en cuenta las necesidades de aprendizaje de los alumnos, aplicar el aprendizaje semipresencial y el autoaprendizaje con base en las TIC, y mejorar las estrategias de aprendizaje colaborativo. Para el diseño de nuevos proyectos de innovación educativa se deben considerar los cuatro componentes centrales de la Educación 4.0: las competencias, los métodos de aprendizaje, las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, y la infraestructura. La caja de herramientas del docente continúa siendo un elemento necesario para la estructuración metodológica de los contenidos y el apoyo tecnológico al proceso educativo en general, pues resulta un fenómeno complejo que forma parte del ecosistema de aprendizaje. Los requerimientos actuales, orientados a la adopción de la tecnología como una necesidad para hacer frente a la dinámica moderna de las economías y el conocimiento, demandan la modernización de la educación en sus diferentes niveles, en especial la educación superior con una visión regenerativa de la educación, los cuales incluyen elementos de la caja de herramientas y la Educación 4.0(AU)

The technological changes of the fourth industrial revolution show transformations in all areas (labor, education, politics, among others), which produces a radical change in the way to study, work, shop and socialize. The objective of this work was to identify elements of Education 4.0 and the technological toolbox that contribute to satisfy the current educational demands. The new paradigm implies that institutions take a series of actions aimed at increasing the flexibility of time and space for the whole participating community, considering the learning needs of students, applying blended learning and ICT-based self-learning, as well as improving collaborative learning strategies. In view of designing new educational innovation projects, consideration must be given to the four central components of Education 4.0: competences, learning methods, information and communication technologies, as well as infrastructure. Any professor's toolbox continues to be a necessary element for structuring contents methodologically and supporting the general educational process technologically, since this is a complex phenomenon belonging to the learning ecosystem. Current requirements, oriented to implementing technology as a necessity to face the modern dynamics of economies and knowledge, demand that education be modernized at different levels, especially higher education, with a regenerative vision of education, including elements from the toolbox and Education 4.0(AU)

Effective or predatory funding? Evaluating the hidden costs of grant applications.

Researchers are spending an increasing fraction of their time on applying for funding; however, the current funding system has considerable deficiencies in reliably evaluating the merit of research proposals, despite extensive efforts on the sides of applicants, grant reviewers and decision committees. For some funding schemes, the systemic costs of the application process as a whole can even outweigh the granted resources-a phenomenon that could be considered as predatory funding. We present five recommendations to remedy this unsatisfactory situation.

Symptom-Level Description of Nursing Perceptions About Unwarranted Clinical Variation, Inequality in Access to Cancer Services, Specific-Symptom Knowledge: An Italian Web-Based Survey.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the cancer nurses' views regarding the relevance of cancer symptom-specific knowledge, unwarranted clinical variation, and inequities in access to cancer services. Describing how nurses perceive these aspects could help identify research priorities and a practical framework to prioritize clinical practice guidelines. DATA SOURCES: A web-based survey was performed using a convenience sample of 810 nurses employed in cancer settings and cross-sectional data collection. The survey adopted a previously validated questionnaire investigating 14 symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study revealed which cancer symptoms require priority attention to define evidence-grounded guidance for decreasing unwarranted clinical variation and inequities in access to cancer services. Future multiprofessional and multinational studies are recommended to provide an in-depth description of the investigated phenomena. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Participants reported higher mean scores in pain-specific knowledge than other symptoms. Social functioning alterations and psychological disorders seem to be highly susceptible to unwarranted clinical variation and inequities in access to cancer services. This information could drive tailored interventions to improve nursing practice.

Stakeholder perceptions and scientific evidence linking wildfire mitigation treatments to societal outcomes.

A number of watershed partnerships have emerged in the western US to address the impacts of wildfire through investing in wildfire mitigation activities. To motivate collective action and design effective risk mitigation programs, these stakeholders draw on evidence linking wildfire mitigation to outcomes of interest. To advance knowledge in this area, we 1) assessed the strength of existing scientific evidence linking wildfire mitigation treatments with societal outcomes and 2) measured the importance of this evidence to watershed partnerships in the western US. To address objective one, we created a systematic evidence map to identify the most common wildfire mitigation treatment and societal outcome relationships reported. From the more than 100 studies examined, we found that the most commonly studied linkages were related to the impacts of thinning on infrastructure and timber. To answer objective two, we surveyed 38 professionals affiliated with organizations involved in eight watershed partnerships in the western US. We asked about the relative importance and strength of evidence linking wildfire treatments to societal outcomes for their watershed partnership, and used this information to create an importance-strength analysis and gap analysis. We found that most linkages were considered important to these organizations, and that the biggest gap identified was for evidence linking mulching to water quality or quantity outcomes. Forest and wildfire specialists perceived a larger need for additional evidence generation than other professional groups. Jointly, the results from this study point to areas of evidence generation important for watershed partnerships and other organizations involved in wildfire mitigation, and suggest a need to more thoroughly disseminate information about existing evidence to this new group of stakeholders investing in wildfire risk mitigation.

Lessons from a Life in Time and Space.

A research career investigating epidemiological and evolutionary patterns in both natural and crop host-pathogen systems emphasizes the need for flexibility in thinking and a willingness to adopt ideas from a wide diversity of subdisciplines. Here, I reflect on the pivotal issues, research areas, and interactions, including the role of science management, that shaped my career in the hope of demonstrating that career paths and collaborations in science can be as diverse and unpredictable as the natural world in which we study our organisms of choice.

La formación de posgrado para la gestión del proceso de evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias desde una perspectiva teórica / Postgraduate training for the management of the health technologies evaluation from a theoretical perspective

Los profesionales de la salud desempeñan un papel clave en la utilización racional y la regulación de los recursos sanitarios disponibles. En este artículo se presentan los fundamentos teóricos y las tendencias históricas que caracterizan la formación de posgrado de los gestores de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en salud para la gestión de la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias. Asimismo, se define el concepto de formación de posgrado para la gestión de la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias y se determinan las tres etapas que han caracterizado la evolución de este proceso, asociadas con las demandas que provienen del contexto histórico del desarrollo de esta actividad en las instituciones de salud. Se constató que no existe una propuesta teórico-metodológica que permita la apropiación, actualización y profundización en los conocimientos y las habilidades para la gestión de la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias.

Health professionals play a key role in the rational use and regulation of the available health resources. The theoretical bases and the historical tendencies that characterize the postgraduate training of the science, technology and innovation in health agents for the management of the health technologies evaluation are presented in this work. The training postgraduate concept for the management of the health technologies evaluation is defined. The three stages which have characterized the course of this process, associated with the demands coming from the historical context of the development of this activity in the health institutions are determined. It was verified that a methodological theoretical proposal that allows the appropriation, updating and deepening in the knowledge and skills for the management of the health technologies evaluation doesn't exist.

Fundamentos de la evaluación de la gestión de ciencia e innovación tecnológica en las facultades de Tecnología de la Salud / Basics of the science management and technological innovation evaluation in Health Technology Faculties

La evaluación de la gestión de ciencia e innovación tecnológica en las facultades de Tecnología de la Salud debe ser continua, organizada, y debe incluir a todos los profesores y directivos de la institución en su etapa inicial, y más adelante a los estudiantes. Este proceso debe comprender la realización de más ciencia en la comunidad y desde la comunidad, la identificación de los problemas de salud de la localidad donde está ubicada la institución y la dirección de los proyectos de investigación hacia su solución mediante resultados concretos. En este trabajo se presentan los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan dicha evaluación, a través del método histórico lógico y de la sistematización realizada

The evaluation of science management and technological innovation in Health Technology Faculties should be continuous, organized, and include all the professors and executive of the institution in its initial stage, and later on, it should include the students. This process should comprise the realization of more science in the community and from the community, the identification of health problems of the locality where the institution is situated and the direction of investigation projects toward its solution by means of concrete results. In this work, the theoretical basics that sustain this evaluation are presented, through the logical historical method and the systematization that was carried out

Gestão e percepção de pesquisa em rede: uma visão a partir da rede nacional de pesquisa clínica em hospitais de ensino / Management and perception of research network: a view from national clinical research network in teaching hospitals / Gestión y percepción de investigación en red: una visión basada en la red nacional de investigación clínica en hospitales de enseñanza

A gestão de pesquisa em rede comumente está associada ao incremento no domínio estrutural, enquanto a percepção de pesquisa, por sua vez, versa sobre a necessidade de se incluir uma visão mais ampla,envolvendo os rumos e valores dos avanços tecnológicos e econômicos. Ambas as questões são raramente discutidas – situação que tende a prosseguir – frente ao desempenho organizacional e disseminação do conhecimento. A investigação apresentada neste artigo utilizou estudo de caso exploratório e analítico,de abordagem qualiquantitativa, que se valeu de questionários e entrevistas a membros integrantes da Rede Nacional de Pesquisa Clínica em Hospitais de Ensino e gestores de ciência e tecnologia em saúde.Como resultado argumenta-se que a relação que se forma entre os pesquisadores, por meio da pesquisa, é aquela que proporciona o mais alto nível de desenvolvimento, sendo, de fato, a instância organizadora das colaborações que fomentam a aprendizagem e possibilitam a obtenção de status ou legitimidade.

The management of network research is commonly associated with the improvement in the structural domain, while in turn the perception of research deal with the need for including a wider view, involving the directions and the values of technological and economic advances. These questions are rarely discussed – something which tends to proceed – due to organizational performance and dissemination of knowledge. The investigation presented here is an explanatory and analytical case study, with qualitative and quantitative approaches, using questionnaires answered by members of the Rede Nacional de Pesquisa Clínica em Hospitais de Ensino (National network of clinical research in teaching hospitals) and interviews with them and with managers of science andtechnology.for health. As a result, it is argued that the relationships developed between researchers, throughthe research, are those which offer the highest level of development and, in fact, the instance for collaborations which feed the learning and provide an acquisition of status or legitimacy.

La gestión de la investigación en red comúnmente se asocia al incremento en el dominio estructural, mientras que la percepción de la investigación, a su vez, se refiere a la necesidad de incluir una visión más amplia, involucrando los rumbos y valores de los avances tecnológicos y económicos. Ambas las cuestiones son discutidas raramente – situación que tiende a permanecer – frente al desempeño organizacional y la diseminación del conocimiento. Se trata de un estudio de caso exploratorio y analítico, de abordaje cualitativo y cuantitativo,utilizándo se cuestionarios y entrevistas con miembros de la Rede Nacional de Pesquisa Clínica em Hospitais de Ensino (Red nacional de investigación clínica en hospitales de enseñanza).y con gestores de ciencia y tecnologia en salud. Como resultado, se argumenta que la relación que se forma entre los investigadores, por medio de lainvestigación, es que proporciona el nivel más alto de desarrollo, siendo efectivamente la instancia organizadorade las colaboraciones que fomentan el aprendizaje y posibilitan la obtención del estatus o de la legitimidad.

Las tecnologías de la comunicación e información (TIC) en salud: un modelo para aplicar en la carrera de enfermería / Information and communications technology (ICT) in health: a model to be applied in nursing training

Resumen:

Objetivo: diseñar una propuesta de gestión curricular y docente para el desarrollo de habilidades en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) en las competencias de la formación de enfermería. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, analítico y transversal. El universo constituye 38 carreras de la Universidad Católica de Quito. Resultados: se establecieron bases teórico-metodológicas del modelo curricular y docente con orientación al desarrollo de habilidades profesionales, basados en un diagnóstico situacional. Discusión: la aplicación de las TIC porta al perfeccionamiento del conocimiento, sin embargo, su distribución no es equitativa y ocasionalmente subutilizada generando la “brecha digital” que impide alcanzar el desarrollo de competencias profesionales. La integración del qué y cómo en el ámbito docente y del estudiante deben estar fuertemente ligadas al quehacer de cada profesión, ya que en caso contrario pierde impacto en la meta de formación profesional. Conclusiones: el análisis situacional distingue a la universidad como cooperante, con aspectos organizativos y educativos de alta interacción de TIC; la práctica docente refiere una integración con menor presencia en la formación continua y vocacional; caracteriza el liderazgo al tipo impulsador. Las carreras denotan deficiencias en el uso de bases de datos, de herramientas multimedia (realidad virtual) así como de herramientas de audio y vídeo. El conocimiento sobre las políticas sobre TIC evidencia un bajo indicador. El diseño de la propuesta concentra la intervención en: infraestructura tecnológica y equipamiento, recurso humano, administración y organización.

Abstract:

Purpose: to design a proposal for curricular and teaching management in order to develop skills in use of information and communications technology (ICT) in nursing training competences. Methods: an observational, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed. Universe included 38 curricula at Catholic University of Quito.

Results: theoretical and methodological bases were established for a curricular and teaching model oriented to professional skills development and based on situation diagnosis. Discussion: ICT application results in knowledge improvement; however its distribution is not equitable and sometimes it is underused, which results in a "digital gap" preventing professional competences to be successfully developed. Integration of what and how in teaching settings and in students should be closely linked with professional tasks; otherwise its impact on professional training is lost. Conclusions: situation analysis considers university as a contributor, with organizational and educational items having a high interaction with ICT; teaching practice shows a lower integration in continuous and professional education and is typical in driving leadership. Current university curricula show deficiencies in use of databases, multimedia tools (virtual reality) and audiovisual tools. Data regarding policies on ICT show a low level. Proposal design is focused on interventions on: technological infrastructure and equipment, human resources, administration and organization.

Objetivo: desenhar uma proposta de currículo e ensino de gestão para desenvolvimento de habilidades no uso de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) nas competências específicas de ensino de enfermagem. Método: estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e analítico.O universo de estudo é de 38 carreiras da Universidade Católica do Quito. Resultados: foram estabelecidos um modelo teórico e metodológico orientado para o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais com base em uma análise situacional. Discussão: a aplicação das TIC na educação é uma contribuição para a melhoria do conhecimento, no entanto, não está distribuída uniformemente e muitas vezes é subutilizado, de modo que o "fosso digital" que impede a consecução do desenvolvimento de habilidades profissionais. A integração do que? E como? No âmbito docente e do estudante debe estar intimamente ligado ao trabalho de cada profissão caso contrário perde o impacto sobre o objetivo da formação profissional.

Conclusões: a análise da situação diferencia da Universidade como uma instituição que coopera nos aspectos organizacionais e educacionais são as interações elevadas das TIC; dentro da prática de ensino referese a integração, mas com uma menor presença na formação contínua e profissional; caracterizada pela sua inovação e liderança. As carreiras denotam uma deficiência na utilização de bases de dados multimédia, ferramentas (realidade virtual), assim como ferramentas de áudio e vídeo. Conhecimento das políticas de TIC, mostram um baixo indicador. O projeto da proposto centra-se em intervenção: infra-estrutura tecnológica e equipamentos, recursos humanos, administração e organização.

Automated Research Impact Assessment: A New Bibliometrics Approach.

As federal programs are held more accountable for their research investments, The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has developed a new method to quantify the impact of our funded research on the scientific and broader communities. In this article we review traditional bibliometric analyses, address challenges associated with them, and describe a new bibliometric analysis method, the Automated Research Impact Assessment (ARIA). ARIA taps into a resource that has only rarely been used for bibliometric analyses: references cited in "important" research artifacts, such as policies, regulations, clinical guidelines, and expert panel reports. The approach includes new statistics that science managers can use to benchmark contributions to research by funding source. This new method provides the ability to conduct automated impact analyses of federal research that can be incorporated in program evaluations. We apply this method to several case studies to examine the impact of NIEHS funded research.

Aplicación de la inteligencia organizacional en la gerencia y en la gestión de la ciencia, la tecnología y el medio ambiente en La Habana / Organizational intelligence: application in administration and in the management of science, technology and the environment in Havana

Describir la aplicación de la inteligencia organizacional en la Delegación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente de La Habana, a partir de una metodología elaborada para su diagnóstico, implantación y evaluación. Métodos: se utilizaron de manera interrelacionada métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos, sobre la base del materialismo dialéctico. Se revisaron las fuentes documentales más relevantes y se hizo un análisis de los antecedentes, conceptos y modelos de inteligencia organizacional, así como de las experiencias en su implantación y desarrollo. Se aplicó una metodología para su diagnóstico, implantación y evaluación en una organización. Resultados: se demostró la incidencia de la implantación de la inteligencia organizacional en la mejora de la gerencia y de la gestión de la ciencia, la tecnología y el medio ambiente; en el fomento de la cultura informacional de la Delegación, a través del comportamiento de los indicadores de los factores influyentes, así como en los indicadores de gestión de la ciencia y la innovación tecnológica, de gestión ambiental, y de desempeño, durante los años evaluados. Conclusiones: la aplicación de la inteligencia organizacional incide en la gerencia y en la gestión de la ciencia, la tecnología y el medio ambiente, así como en el fomento de la cultura informacional...

Describe the application of organizational intelligence in the Havana delegation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, based on a methodology developed for its diagnosis, implementation and evaluation. Methods: theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used in an interrelated manner following a dialectical materialistic approach. The most relevant documentary sources were reviewed and an analysis was conducted of the antecedents, concepts and models of organizational intelligence, as well as experiences related to its implementation and development. A methodology was applied for the diagnosis, implementation and evaluation of organizational intelligence in an organization. Results: it was found that administration, the management of science, technology and the environment, and the fostering of the informational culture of the Delegation are influenced by the implementation of organizational intelligence. This fact was demonstrated by examining the behavior of indicators of influence factors, as well as indicators related to the management of science and technology, the environment and performance during the years evaluated. Conclusions: the application of organizational intelligence has an impact on administration and on the management of science, technology and the environment, as well as on the fostering of informational culture...

Managing climate change in conservation practice: an exploration of the science-management interface in beech forest management.

Scientific studies reveal significant consequences of climate change for nature, from ecosystems to individual species. Such studies are important factors in policy decisions on forest conservation and management in Europe. However, while research has shown that climate change research start to impact on European conservation policies like Natura 2000, climate change information has yet to translate into management practices. This article contributes to the on-going debates about science-society relations and knowledge utilization by exploring and analysing the interface between scientific knowledge and forest management practice. We focus specifically on climate change debates in conservation policy and on how managers of forest areas in Europe perceive and use climate change ecology. Our findings show that forest managers do not necessarily deny the potential importance of climate change for their management practices, at least in the future, but have reservations about the current usefulness of available knowledge for their own areas and circumstances. This suggests that the science-management interface is not as politicized as current policy debates about climate change and that the use of climate change ecology is situated in practice. We conclude the article by discussing what forms of knowledge may enable responsible and future oriented management in practice focusing specifically on the role of reflexive experimentation and monitoring.